Element of Design - Lines
You have likely already learned about lines in one of your previous math classes. The definition of a line in this class likely sounded something like “a set of points that extends into infinity in both directions.”
For non-mathematicians such as artists and photographers, a line is more accurately defined as “an element of art that is used to define shape, contours, and outlines, also to suggest mass and volume. It may be a continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and forms.”
To create a line on a canvas, an artist will assemble a series of points into a discernible pattern using a pencil, paintbrush, or some other tool. A graphic artist can create a line on a screen by assembling a series of points, called pixels, on the computer screen. Photographers can also suggest lines in their photos by assembling the objects in the photo frame in such a way to imply the existence of lines.
When you look at a line in a visual display, you may want to be able to describe the line to another person. One way to describe lines is to use the physical characteristics of a line.
Characteristics of lines
Generally, lines can be characterized as:
Width - thick, thin, tapering, uneven
Length - long, short, continuous, broken
Direction - horizontal, vertical, diagonal, curving, perpendicular, oblique, parallel, radial, zigzag
Focus - sharp, blurry, fuzzy, choppy
Feeling - sharp, jagged, graceful, smooth
Vertical lines convey power and strength
Horizontal lines suggest rest and relaxation
Diagonal lines are dynamic and action-oriented
Thick lines are more powerful and have greater visual weight over thin lines
Types of lines
How a line is portrayed can sometimes imply certain meanings.
Outlines - Lines made by the edge of an object or its silhouette.
Contour Lines - Lines that describe the shape of an object and the interior detail.
Gesture Lines - Line that are energetic and catches the movement and gestures of an active figure.
Sketch Lines - Lines that captures the appearance of an object or impression of a place.
Calligraphic Lines - Greek word meaning “beautiful writing.” Precise, elegant handwriting or lettering done by hand. Also artwork that has flowing lines like an elegant handwriting.
Implied Line - Lines that are not actually drawn but created by a group of objects seen from a distance. The direction an object is pointing to, or the direction a person is looking at.